TSAKURE
Wannan bincike ya kwatanta borin Hausa da na Gbagyi (Gwari) domin nuna kamanci da bambanci da ke tsakaninsu. Samuwar Iskoki dai wani imani ne da kowace al’adar al’ummar duniya ta yi imani da shi. Imanin mutanen duniya game da Iskoki abu ]aya ne ta fuskar kasancewarsu ~oyayyu, buwayayyu, masu ban tsoro, masu karkatar da mutane, kuma masu }arfi a kan mutane. Shi kuma bori a matsayin bautar Iska da]a]]iyar al’ada ce, da ke cikin hanyoyin addinin gargajiya na Hausa da kuma Gbagyi. Don haka, ha]uwa da zamantakewa da Hausawa suka yi da Gbagyi ya haddasa sauye-sauye na yanayin aiwatar da borin Gbagyi ta fuskokin sunayen Iskoki ko Aljannu da halayen ‘yan bori da tufafin ‘yan bori da kayan ki]an ‘yan bori da girka da kuma amfanin ‘yan bori ga jama’a. Wannan bincike ya fito da wa]annan sauye-sauye a fili domin a fahimci kamanci da kuma bambancin borin al’ummun guda biyu. Daga cikin batutuwan da aka tattauna akwai tarihin Hausawa da Gbagyi, da borin Gbagyi na asali kafin su ha]u da Hausawa. A farkon wannan bincike, an kawo borin Hausawa, sannan an nuna dangantakar Hausawa da Gbagyi ta yadda suka ha]u har borinsu ya haddasa sauyi a kan na juna musamman a manyan garuruwan Gbagyi da aka yi bayanin ha]uwarsu kamar: Kuta da Minna da Suleja duk na jihar Neja da kuma Birnin Gwari ta jihar Kaduna. A }arshe, binciken ya gano matsanancin tasirin da borin Hausawa ya yi a kan na Gbagyi ta yadda a yau, kusan dukkan ‘yan borin Gbagyi, suna aiwatar da bori ne ta salon yadda suka ga ‘yan borin Hausawa na aiwatarwa.
ABSTRACT
This research is a comparative study of Hausa and Gbagyi bori cults. It compares and bring out the similarities and differences between the two cults. Every society of the world has the belief in the existence of spirits, they believe that the spirits or jinns are invisible can influence human behaviour because of their power over human beings. Bori as a way of worshipping spirits, is an old culture and a traditional religion of the Hausa and Gbagyi people. Interaction between Hausa and the Gbagyi has brought about changes in the original mode of bori practice, especially in the aspects of; names of the spirits, the character of the possessed persons, mode of dressing, musical acompaniments, mode of initiation, the status and importance of the bori cult. This research brought out the changes such as the similarities and the differences between the bori cults of the two societies. Issues discussed at the beginning of the thesis are; the history of the two people (Hausa and Gbagyi), the bori of the Gbagyi and Hausa before their interaction, and the relationship between the two which brought about changes in mode of bori practice of the Gbagyis, particularly the selected towns which include: Kuta, Minna, Suleja all in Niger State and Birnin-Gwari in Kaduna State. At the end, the research is able to find out that the Hausa bori activities has influenced that of the Gbagyis today, they now practice bori similar to the way it is performed by the Hausa bori possessed persons.
BABI NA [AYA: GABATARWA
1.0 Shimfi]a
Bori a matsayin bautar Iska yana ]aya daga cikin hanyoyin addinin gargajiya na Hausa, wato al’ada ce da ta da]e a wurin Hausawa. Sun fara ta tun lokacin da suke duk Maguzawa ne kuma har yanzu da kusan dukkansu Musulmi ne wasun su ba su daina ba. (Ibrahim, 1982:35). Haka ma al’amarin yake a wajen Gbagyi su ma sun da]e suna tsafi da bauta wa gumaka da Iskoki a matsayin addininsu na gargajiya. A bayan zuwan addinin Musulumci ne a sanadiyyar ha]uwarsu da Hausawa, da yawansu suka Musulumta amma har a yau wasunsu ba su fasa yin borin ba, amma a salon irin na Hausawa.
Dangane da wannan bayani na bisa, za a iya cewa al’ada ta }unshi tafarki wanda wata al’umma take rayuwa a cikinta dangane da yanayin addini da abinci da tufafi da muhalli da aure da kasuwanci da shugabanci da bukukuwa da sauran abubuwa wa]anda suke da ala}a da haka.
Ibrahim (1982:35), ya ce:
Al’adun al’umma, abubuwa ne masu rai wa]anda sukan shafi dangogin rayuwa daban-daban. Al’ada na da mazubi faffa]a.Wasu al’adu na al’umma sukan ]ore, su ci gaba da bun}asa, sannan kuma sukan dakushe har a kai lokacin da za a watsar da su saboda tasirin ba}in al’adu. Ta haka ne al’adu suke zama da]a]]u ko sababbi wato al’adu na gargajiya da na zamani.
Wannan bincike zai kwatanta borin Hausawa ne da na Gbagyi. Abubuwan da za a duba a wannan babi sun ha]a da: Dalilan gudanar da bincike da muhimmancin bincike da farfajiyar bincike da matsalolin bincike da hasashen bincike. Sai kuma tarihin al’ummun biyu wato Hausawa da Gbagyi da bayanai a kan dangantakarsu da yanayin borinsu.
Dalilan wannan bincike za su kasance kamar haka:
An yi nazarce-nazarce da yawa a kan borin Hausawa, misali, Badejo (1980) da Ibrahim (1982) da Dutse (1989) da Besmer (1977) da Bunza (2006) da Gobir (2001) da sauransu. Sai aka lura cewa an yi watsi da wannan fanni da ake neman amincewar gudanar da bincike a kai wato: Kwatancin Borin Hausawa da na Gbagyi’, kuma wani muhimmin ~angare ne na al’adun al’ummar, Shi ya sa aka ga ya dace a yi nazarinsa domin cike wannan gi~i.
Cu]anyar Gbagyi da Hausawa, ya sa aka sami sauyi da ya haddasa Gbagyi suka koma yin bori irin na Hausawa. Don haka ne ya sa za a gudanar da bincike domin fito da wa]annan sauye-sauye da aka samu a fili.
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