TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of tables
List of figures
Abbreviations
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Importance of Phytochemicals
2.1.1 Mechanism of Action of Tomato Phytochemicals
2.1.2 Importance of Tomatoes
2.2 Structure of Vitamin C and its Activity
2.2.1 Biosynthesis and species-synthetic ability
2.2.2 Absorption, Transport and Disposal
2.2.3 Deficiency
2.2.4 Physiological functions in mammals
2.2.5 Daily requirement
2.2.6 Therapeutic uses
2.2.7 Adverse effects
2.3 Structure of Beta Carotene and its Activity
2.3.1 Previtamin A activity
2.3.2 Symmetric and Asymmetric Cleavage
2.3.3 Sources in Diet
2.3.4 Side Effects
2.3.5 Beta Carotene and lung cancer in smokers
2.3.6 Uses based on Scientific Evidence
2.4 Structure of Lycopene and Its Chemical Activity
2.4.1 Bioavailability of Lycopene
2.4.2 Digestion and absorption of Lycopene
2.4.3 Roles of Lycopene in Human Health
2.5 Structure of Polyphenol and its activity
2.5.1 Classification and Nomenclature
2.5.2Potential Health Benefits
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods
3.1 Equipments/Apparatus
3.2 Procurement of Raw Materials
3.3 Study Design
3.4 Sample Processing
3.5 Chemical Analysis of Samples
3.5.1Vitamin C content determination
3.5.2Beta-carotene content Determination
3.5.3 Lycopene Content Determination
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Intake of tomato and tomato based-products contributes to the absorption of a wide range of carotenoids in human serum and tissues. The prominent carotenoid in tomatoes is lycopene, a pigment principally responsible for the deep-red colour of tomato fruits and tomato products. Fruits and vegetables contain in excess of 40 carotenoids that are routinely absorbed and metabolized by humans (Khachik, 1992).
Tomatoes and tomato products are now being investigated for their potential role in prostate cancer prevention and therapy. This review summarizes the in vitro and invivo evidence as well as the molecular data that show the anticarcinogenic potential of tomatoes. Raw and processed tomatoes are among the most commonly consumed vegetables. They are rich in the phytochemicals, carotenoids and polyphenols. Lycopene and quercetin are the most abundant carotenoids and flavonols respectively. Canned tomato sauce is the primary source of lycopene whereas the tomato skin is enriched with flavonols. Most epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of tomatoes and the products in associated with a reduced prostate cancer risk. The health professionals follows-up study found that men who consumed 2 to 4 servings of raw tomatoes per week had a more than 20% reduction in prostate cancer risk compared to men who did not consume tomatoes. High lycopene plasma concentrations were associated with a low incidence of prostate cancer and aggressive prostate cancer in rested case-control study with the physician’s health study. Invitro data show that the compounds found in tomatoes are potent anticarcinogens. Cancer cell growth is inhibited by the polyphenols quercetin, kaempferol and...
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